In the person of Nembutsu opens up the great path of unobstructed freedom. 

"Tannisho, A Shin Buddhist Classic," trans. by Taitetsu Unno


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Bibliography of English-Language Works on Pure Land Buddhism: Primarily 1983-89 ....

Compiled by Rev. Dr. Kenneth K. Tanaka, formerly with the Institute of Buddhist Studies (IBS), Berkeley, CA and presently Professor of Religion and Buddhism at the Musashino Women's University in Tokyo.

The growth in publications on Pure Land Buddhism in the 1980s  warranted an update of its works in English, particularly since 1983 when the last such comprehensive bibliographies on the field were published. This geometric increase in the publications, especially of the Japanese school of Jodo Shinshu, is attributable in large measure to the enhanced activities of several academic journals in English. 

"The Eastern Buddhist" (Kyoto), published by the Eastern Buddhist Society founded by D. T. Suzuki, continues its tradition of featuring a healthy share of Pure Land and Zen materials. "Pure Land" (Kyoto), begun in 1979, serves as the only Western language journal devoted exclusively to Pure Land articles, with a large percentage of its contributors being European and North American members of the International Association of Shin Buddhist Studies (IASBS). Reflecting the primary mission of its sponsoring institute, the Annual Memoirs of the Otani University Shin Buddhist Comprehensive Research Institute (Kyoto) has, since 1983, included a good number of interpretative and bibliographical articles devoted to Pure Land Buddhism. "Pacific World" (Berkeley), with a worldwide circulation of 7,000 copies, devotes half of its materials to Pure Land Buddhism. Initially started in the 1920s by The Rev. Dr. Yehan Numata (founder, Bukkyo Dendo Kyokai) to foster greater understanding about Asia among Americans, the journal was resurrected in 1981 after more than 50 years of hiatus as the journal of the IBS, Seminary and Graduate School.

The increasing number of Festschrift volumes dedicated to eminent Japanese scholars have come to serve as podium for Pure Land writers to publish articles in English. Also, the "Encyclopedia of Religion," published in 1987 as a major reference source on world religions, contains numerous Pure Land entries which should prove valuable to those seeking concise, primary information. 

The present listing is intended to update three earlier bibliographies:

1. Muraishi, Esho: "A Bibliography on Pure Land Buddhism Written in English." Junshin gakuho 2 (Dec. 1983): 1-33.

2. Rhodes, Robert: "Bibliography of English-Language Works on Pure Land Buddhism 1960 to the Present." Annual Memoirs of the Otani University Shin Buddhist Comprehensive Research Institute (henceforth, OC) 1 (1983): 1-28.

3. Overseas Buddhist Studies Research Project. "Bibliography of Foreign-Language Articles on Japanese Buddhism 1960 to 1987." 6 (1988): 151-212 (in particular, pp. 153-166, 195). 

The present listing also includes entries that:

a) were omitted from the above three lists; and b) are repeated on account of their significant contribution.

Not listed in previous bibliographies but, again, included here due to its importance, entries based on an unpublished paper by John Ishihara submitted at the August 1989 academic meeting of the IASBS: "Western Language Bibliography of Pure Land Buddhist Related Topics." 

Abbreviations of Journals and Special Volumes:

(EB) "The Eastern Buddhist," Kyoto.

(ER) "Encyclopedia of Religion," Macmillan Pub. Co., 1987. 

Fujita Festschrift -- "Indian Philosophy and Buddhism." Dr. Kotatsu Fujita Festschrift. Tokyo: Shunjusha, 1989. 

Ishida Festschrift -- "Essays on the Pure Land Buddhist Thought." Dr. Mitsuyuki Ishida Festschrift. Kyoto: Nagata Bunshodo, 1982.

JIABS -- "Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies." (JR) Japanese Religions

(OC) -- Annual Memoirs of the Otani University Shin Buddhist Comprehensive Research Institute, Kyoto.

(MN) -- "Monumenta Nipponica," Tokyo.

(PL)  -- "Pure Land." Journal of Pure Land Buddhism, Kyoto.

(PW) -- "Pacific World." Journal of the Institute of Buddhist Studies, Berkeley.

Shigaraki Festschrift -- "Essays on Shinran and Pure Land Buddhism." Prof. T. Shigaraki. Kyoto: Nagata Bunshodo, 1986. 

PURE LAND THOUGHT IN GENERAL ... BOOKS

Ingram, Paul: "Dharma of Faith: An Introduction to Classical Pure Land Buddhism." Washington, D.C. University of American Press, 1977.

Okazaki, Joji: "Pure Land Buddhist Painting." Translated and adapted by Elizabeth ten Grotenhuis. Tokyo: Kodansha International Ltd. and Shibundo, 1977. 201 pp. A handy and informative presentation of East Asian Pure Land art with 191 illustrations with ample descriptions.

Pye, Michael: "Skilful Means: A Concept in Mahayana Buddhism." London: Duckworth, 1979.

PURE LAND THOUGHT IN GENERAL ... ARTICLES

Bando, Shojun: "What is Truly Meant by the 'Pure Land'." Young East 3-4 (Autumn 1977): 31-35.

Doi, Masatoshi: "The Pure Land and the Kingdom of God." JR 1-29.

Eilert, Hakan: "A Brief Outline of Pure Land Buddhism in India and in Early China." JR 14-1 (Dec. 1985), 1-12.

Fujiwara, Ryosetsu. "Nien-fo." ER Vol. 10, pp. 435-38.

Inada, Kenneth K: "Pure Land and the Aesthetic Nature." Fujita Festschrift. 

Inagaki, Hisao: "Amida Samadhi and Nembutsu Samadhi." PL n.s. 2 (1985): 79-89. 

Ingram, Paul 0: "The Symbolism of Light and Pure Land Soteriology." Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 14 (Dec. 1974): 331-45. 

"The Zen Critique of Pure Land Buddhism." Journal of the American Academy of Religion 41-2 (June 1973): 184-200. 

Kajiyama, Yuichi: "Transfer of Merits in Pure Land Buddhism: Nagarjuna, Vasubandhu and T'an-luan." In "Kumoi shozen hakushi koki kinen: bukkyo to ishukyo." Kyoto: Heirakuji, 1985, pp. 123-38. 

Miyaji, Kakue: "Amita-Buddha's Significance in Primary Mahayana Buddhism." Ishida Festschrift pp. 19-42.

Steadman, James: "Pure Land Buddhism and the Buddhist Historical Tradition." Religious Studies 233 (Sept. 1987): pp. 407-21. 

Tokunaga, Michio: "Sunyata in Pure Land Buddhism." PL n.s. 5 (1988):46-55. In advocating the sunyata dimension of Pure Land doctrine, the author critiques a Zen criticism of Pure Land teaching and examines the relationship between form and formless.

SUTRAS ... BOOKS 

Hua, Tripitaka Master: "A General Explanation of the Buddha Speaks of Amitabha Sutra." San Francisco: Sino-American Buddhist Association, 1974. 159 pp. A translation and commentary by a spiritual leader of a California-based monastery.

Inagaki, Hisao: "A Tri-Lingual Glossary of the Sukhavati Sutras. Indexes to the Larger and Smaller Sukhavativyuha Sutras." Kyoto: Nagata Bunshodo, 1984. 323 pp. An invaluable Sanskrit, Chinese and Tibetan glossary on these two Pure Land Sutras. 

Ryukoku University Translation Center, trans. "The Sutra of Contemplation on the Buddha of Immeasurable Life as Expounded by Sakyamuni Buddha." Kyoto: Ryukoku University, 1984. 169 pp. The English translation appears juxtaposed with the original text and its japanese kanbun reading with copious notes and an informative introduction on this vital Pure Land text.

SUTRAS ... ARTICLES 

Chang, Garma CC, general editor. "The Land of Utmost Bliss." In "A Treasury of Mahayana Sutras. Selections from the Maharatnakuta Sutra." University Park and London: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1983, pp. 339-60. A translation of the T'ang recension of the Larger Sukhavativyuha Sutra translated by Bodhiruci. 

Eidmann, Philipp: "Is a Paragraph Missing from the Amida Sutra? PL n.s. 2 (1985): 74-78.

Fujita, Kotatsu: "The Textual Origins of the Kuan Wu-Iiang-shouching -- A Canonical Scripture of Pure Land Buddhism." Translated by Kenneth K. Tanaka. In "Chinese Buddhist Apocrypha" edited by Robert Buswell. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1990, p. 123 ff. An examination of theories surrounding its compilation. 

Harrison, Paul: "Buddhanusmrti in the Pratyutpanna-Buddha-sammukhavasthita-samadhi-sutra." Journal of Indian Philosophy 6 (1978): 35-57. A survey of this important text for understanding the development of meditative practices within East Asian Pure Land Buddhism and its relationship to other Mahayana traditions.

Inagaki, Hisao, trans: "Pan-chou-san-mei-ching (Hanjuzanmai-kyo)." Fujita Festschrift, pp. 1-40. The author translates in its entirety the Chinese translation of the Pratyutpanna-samadhi-sutra attributed to Lokaksema (T No. 417), a text of importance for Chinese Pure Land Buddhists including Shan-tao.

Pas, Julian: "The Meaning of Nien-fo in the Three Pure Land Sutras." Studies in Religion 74 (1978): 403-13.

"The Kuan-wu-Iiang-shou Fo-ching -- Its Origin and Literary Criticism." In "Buddhist Thought and Asian Civilizations," edited by Leslie S. Kawamura and Keith Scott. Emeryville: Dharma Publishing, 1977, pp. 194-218.

INDIAN AND CENTRAL ASIAN PURE LAND BUDDHISM ... ARTICLES

Fujita, Kotatsu: "Pure Land Buddhism and the Lotus Sutra." Indianisme et Bouddhisme: Melanges offerts a Mgr. Etienne Lamotte. Lou vain-la-Neuve: Institut Orientaliste, 1980, pp. 117-30.

_________. "Pure and Impure Lands." ER Vol. 12: 90-91.

Huntington, JC: "A Gandharan Image of Amitayus' Sukhavati," Annali dell' Instituto Orientale di Napoli 40 (1980): 651-72.

Inagaki, Hisao. "A Glossary of the Proper Names Which Appear in the Chapter on Easy Practice of the Jujubibasharon." Ishida Festschrift, pp. 43-71.

_________. "The Easy Method of Entering the Stage of Non-Retrogression." PW n.s. 3 (Fall 1987): 24-28.

_________. trans. "The Path of Easy Practice." PL n.s. 5 (1988): 140-56. Translation of the chapter, "The Easy Practice of the Dasabhiimika-vibhasa-sastra attributed to Nagarjuna." 

Keenan, John: "Pure Land Systematics in India:The Buddhabhumisutra and the Trikaya Doctrine." PW n.s. 3 (1987): 29-35.

Matsumoto, David, trans: "Jodoron: Discourse on the Pure Land." PL n.s. 3 (1986): 98-120. A text that played a prominent role in the development of East Asian Pure Land.

Schopen, Gregory: "Sukhavati as Generalized Religious Goal in Sanskrit Mahayana Sutra Literature." Indo-Iranian Journal 19-3/4 (August/Sept. 1977): 177-210. A provocative article suggesting a possible reason for the apparent absence of a significant Pure Land school in India.

"The Inscription on the Kusan Image of Amitabha and the Character of the Early Mahayana in India." JIABS 10-2 (1987): 99-137. Focusing on this earliest known Amitabha image (104 C.E.) and other Mahayana epigraphical evidence in India, the author suggests that Mahayana Buddhism, including Amitabha following, was not as large a public movement as Mahayana literature would have us believe prior to 4th/5th century C.E.

Yamaguchi, Osamu: "The Concept of the Pure Land in Nagarjuna's Doctrine." EB n.s. 1-2 (Sep. 1966): 34-47.

Zurcher, Erik: "Amitabha." ER Vol. 15, pp. 235-37.

CHINESE PURE LAND BUDDHISM ... BOOKS AND DISSERTATIONS

Chappell, David W: "Tao-ch'o (562-645): A Pioneer of Chinese Pure Land Buddhism." Ph.D. dissertation, Yale University, 1976.

Corless, Roger: "T'an-luan's Commentary on the Pure Land Discouse: An Annotated Translation and Soteriological Analysis of the Wang-sheng-lun chu (T. 1819)." Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wisconsin, 1973.

Fujiwara, Ryosetsu: "The Way to Nirvana: The Concept of the Nembutsu in Shan-tao's Pure Land Buddhism." Tokyo: Kyoiku Shinshosha, 1974.

Haneda, Nobuo: "The Development of the Concept of Prthagiana Culminating in Shan-tao's Pure Land Thought: 'The Pure Land Theory of Salvation of the Inferior'." Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wisconsin, 1979.

Hsiao, Ching-fen: "The Life and Teachings of T'an-luan." Ph.D. dissertation. Princeton Theological Seminary, 1967.

Pas, Julian: "Shan-tao's Commentary on the ABAS." Ph.D. dissertation, McMaster University, Canada, 1973.

Seah, Ingram: "Shan-tao, His Life and Teachings." Ph.D. dissertation, Princeton Theological Seminary, 1975.

Shih, Heng-ching. "The Ch'an-Pure Land Syncretism in China: With Special Reference to Yung-ming Yen-shou." Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wisconsin, 1984. See his article below.

Tanaka, Kenneth: "The Dawn of Chinese Pure Land Buddhist Doctrine: Ching-ying Hui-yuan's Commentary on the Visualization Sutra." New York: State University of New York Press, 1990. Argues for Hui-yuan's enhanced contribution to the development of Pure Land Buddhism and challenges many of the traditional assumptions; contains a full translation of the text.

Yii, Chiin-fang: "The Renewal of Buddhism in China: Chu-hung and the Late Ming Synthesis." New York: Columbia University Press, 1981. 353 pp. Contains descriptions of Chu-hung's syncretic practice of Pure Land nien-fo and Ch'an meditation.

CHINESE PURE LAND BUDDHISM ... ARTICLES

Becker, CB: "The Centrality of Near-Death Experience in Chinese Pure Land Buddhism." Anabiosis 1 (1981): 154-71.

"The Pure Land Revisited: Sino-Japanese Meditations and Near-Death Experiences of the Next World." Anabiosis 4 (1984): 51-68.

Chappell, David: "Ching-t'u." ER Vol. 3, pp. 329-33.

"Tao-ch'o." ER Vol. 14, pp. 286-87.

Corless, Roger: "The Garland of Love: A History of Religious Hermeneutic of Nembutsu Theory and Practice." In "Studies in Pali and Buddhism: A Homage Volume to the Memory of Bhikkhu Jagdish Kashyap," edited by A. K. Narain. Delhi: B. R. Publishing Corp., 1979, 53-74.

"T'an-luan." ER Vol. 14, pp. 270-71.

"T'an-luan: Taoist Sage and Buddhist Bodhisattva." In "Buddhist and Taoist Practice in Medieval Chinese Society," edited by David W. Chappell. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. 1987, pp. 36-45.

Fujiwara, Ryosetsu: "Shan-tao." ER Vol. 13, pp. 224-25.

Hurvitz, Leon: "Chu-hung's One Mind of Pure Land and Ch'an Buddhism." In "Self and Society in Ming Thought," edited by Wm. Theodore de Bary. New York: Columbia University Press. 1970, pp. 451-81.

Inagaki, Hisao, trans: "Shan-tao's Method of Meditation on Amida Buddha." Ryilkoku daigaku ronshu 431 (1988): 20-33. Translation of the "Recommendation of the Pure Land Practice" section in Shan-tao's "Kuan-nien fa-mon (Kannen-bomon)." Translations of the previous two parts of this work are found: 1) "Meditation of Practicing the Samadhi," Shinshugaku, 33 & 34 (1966) and 2) "Five Kinds of Benefits," Ryiikoku daigaku ronshii 425 (1974): 20-41.

"The Easy Method of Entering the Stage of Non-Retrogression." PW n.s. 3 (1987): 24-28.

Matsumoto, Shoji: "Early Pure Land Buddhism in China -- Part One." PL n.s. 2 (1985): 135-44; "Part Two." PL n.s. 3 (1986): 121-34. A synoptic overview through 3rd century C.E. (part one) and up through T'an-luan (476-550) (part two).

Nishi, Hojun: "Huai-kan's View on the Pure I -- and I." PL n.s. 3 (1986): 57-66.

Pas, Julian: "Shan-tao's Interpretation of the Meditative Vision of Buddha Amityus." History of Religions 14-2 (Nov. 1974): 96-116.

Shih, Heng-ching: "Yung-ming's Syncretism of Pure Land and Ch'an." JIABS 10-1 (1987): 117-34. One of the few Western works on post-T'ang period on the treatment of Pure Land Buddhism by a major Sung period figure, Yung-ming Yen-shou (904-975). See his dissertation above. 

Tanaka, Kenneth: "Earliest Usage of 'Ta-ching' (Daikyo) and 'Wang-sheng lun' (Ojoron) by a Non-Orthodox Pure Land Buddhist: Its Implication for Chinese Pure Land Buddhism." PW n.s. 2 (1986): 63-74.

"Where is the Pure Land?: Controversy in Chinese Buddhism on the Nature of Pure Land." PW n.s. 3 (1987): 36-45.

"Ching-ying Hui-yuan's Position on Devotion and Visualization: Reevaluation of Causal Practices for Rebirth in Chinese Pure Land Buddhism." OC 6 (1988): 73-92.

Weinstein, Stanley: "The Growth of Pure Land Buddhism." In "Buddhism Under the Tang." Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987. pp. 66-74.

JAPANESE PURE LAND BUDDHISM BEFORE SHINRAN ... BOOKS

Andrews, Allan: "The Teachings Essential for Rebirth: A Study of Genshin's Ojoyoshu." Tokyo: Sophia University, 1973. 133 pp.

JAPANESE PURE LAND BUDDHISM BEFORE SHINRAN ... ARTICLES

Andrews, Allan: "Tbe Meaning of the Eighteenth Vow: A History of Religions Approach." Ishida Festschrift, pp. 73-83.

"Myth and History in the Life and Biographies of Honen." PL n.s. 2 (1985): 21-29.

"Genshin." ER Vol. 5, pp. 508-09.

"Honen." ER Vol. 6, pp. 433-55.

"Pure Land Buddhist Hermeneutics: Honen's Interpretation of Nembutsu." JIASBS 102 (1987): 7-25. Examines the character of Honen's use of the various hermeneutical criteria for determining the scriptural authority and concludes that for Honen the authority of the enlightened master superseded rational inference, philosophical logic or hierarchical classification of scriptures.

________. "The Senchakushii in Japanese Religious History: The Founding of a Pure Land School." Journal of the American Academy of Religion 55-3 (Nov. 1987): 473-99.(*) 

Bando, Shojun: "Myoe's Criticism of Honen's Doctrines." EB 7-1 (May 1974): 37-54. On the famous criticism of the new Pure Land teaching from the standpoint of 'orthodox' Buddhism of that period.

Hirota, Dennis: "Religious Transformation in Shinran and Shoku." PL n.s. 4 (1987): 57-69.

Kamens, Edward: "Kuya (Kuya)." ER Vol. 8, pp. 379-80.

Kaneko, Akira: "Genshin and the Ritual of Twenty-five Samiidhi." PL n.s. 3 (Dec. 1986): 48-57.

King, Winston L: "Honen's Visualizations of the Pure Land." PL n.s. 4 (1987): 126-41.

Kondol Tessho and Morris J. Augustine, trans: "Senchaku Hongan Nembutsu Shu: A Collection of Passages on the Nembutsu Chosen in the Original Vow." PL 5-2 (Dec. 1983): 3-28. Chapter 2 and 3; Chapter 1 included in the previous volume. The translation continues in the subsequent issues and concludes in Vol. n.s. 4 (1987).

Schuon, Fritjof. "David, Shankara, Honen." EB 20-1 (Spring 1987): 1-8.

SHINRAN AND SHINSHU ... BOOKS AND DISSERTATIONS

Bloom, Alfred: "Shinran's Gospel of Pure Grace." Tuscon: The University of Arizona Press, 1965. 95 pp. The first systematic and 'theological' treatment in English on Shinran by a Western scholar.

_________. "Shoshinge: The Heart of Shin Buddhism." Hawaii: Buddhist Study Center Press, 1986. 107 pp. A commentary on the set of verses expressing Shinran's indebtedness to his spiritual patriarchs and ones which have played a central role in the Shinshfa liturgical tradition; contains an English translation of the verses by Takaaki Nagatani and Ruth Tabrah.

Ishihara, John: "The Shin Buddhist Doctrines of Amida and the Self in Light of the Christian-Buddhist Dialog: Christ/Amida; Sinner/Bombu." Ph.D. dissertation, Claremont Graduate School, 1986. By challenging the traditional understanding of such concepts as two-truths, the author offers a viable 'metaphysics' for Shin social-ethical action.

Kikumura, Norihiko: "Shinran: His Life and Thought." Los Angeles: The Nembutsu Press, 1972. A concise monograph introducing Shinran through the main phases of his life with critical examination of scholarly theories surrounding areas of controversy.

Tri-State Buddhist Temples, ed. "Shinshu Seiten: Jodo Shin Buddhist Teaching." San Francisco: Buddhist Churches of America, 1978. 796 pp. Most recent volume of translations of sacred Shinshu works: "Larger Sutra" (selected sections only); "Meditation Sutra;" "Smaller Sutra;" "Twelve Adorations;" "The Teachings, Practice, Faith and Enlightenment;" "The Gatha of True Faith in the Nembutsu;" "The Hymns on the Pure Land;" "The Hymns on the Patriarchs;" "Notes Lamenting Differences;" and "The Epistles." In addition, the "Outline of Jodo Shinshu," a translation of the modern introductory textbook used at Ryukoku University, provides a glimpse into the traditional doctrinal themes and issues. The extensive glossary and notes section is useful.

Shigefuji, Shinei: "Nembutsu-Nembutsuin Shinran and His Teachers: A Comparison." Toronto: Toronto Buddhist Church, 1980. 143 pp. A discussion of Shinran's unique understanding of nembutsu in relation to those of the seven preceding Pure Land masters.

Suzuki, Daisetz T: "A Miscellany on the Shin Teaching of Buddha." Kyoto: Shinshii Otaniha Shramusho, 1949. 151 pp.

"Collected Writings on Shin Buddhism." Kyoto: Shinshu Otaniha. 1973. 262 pp.

Takahatake, Takamichi: "Young Man Shinran: A Reappraisal of Shinran's Life." Ontario, Canada: Wilfred Laurier University Press, 1987. A scholarly presentation of Shinran's life through his 42nd year with focus on the relationship between socio-historical setting and his religious and personal maturation.

Ueda, Yoshifumi & Dennis Hirota: "Shinran: An Introduction to His Thought." Kyoto: Hongwanji International Center, 1989. 372 pp. The most comprehensive and systematic presentation so far of Shinran's thought in a single volume, with ample translations of key passages from his writings based on major doctrinal themes. Authored by two main translators of the Shin Buddhist Translation Series, the essays are well-written and translations first rate.

Unno, Taitetsu, trans: "Tannisho, A Shin Buddhist Classic." Hawaii: Buddhist Study Center Press. 1984. 73 pp. Includes lucid explanation of basic Shinshu concepts and a helpful glossary and bibliography.

SHINRAN AND SHINSHU ... ARTICLES

Alles, Gregory: "When Men Revile You and Persecute You: Advice, Conflict, and Grace in Shinran and Luther." History of Religions 25-2 (Nov. 1985): 148-162. (*)

Arai, Toshikazu: "The Myogo As Religious Symbolism." PL n. s. 3 (1986): 7-15. A brief but provocative essay on the levels of meaning involved in the Name.

Bando, Shojun: "Shinran's Indebtedness to T'an-luan." EB 4-1 (May 1971): 72-87.

Bloom, Alfred: "Sakyamuni or Amitabha, Which is the True Primordially Eternal Buddha?" In Takenaka Shinjo hakushi kyoju kinenronshii bunshu kankokai ed. Shukyo bunka no shoso. 1983. pp. 33-58. Points out how Shinran, Kakunyo and Zonkaku saw Amida Buddha the eternal Buddha (dharmkaya) and not simply as rewarded body (sambhogakaya).

_________. "Shinran's Praises on the Nembutsu of True Faith: Reality of Faith in History." Junshin Gakuh5 3 (Dec. 1984): 1-30. (*)

_________. "A Vision of Jodo Shinshu: Fulfilling the Primal Vow in History." PW n.s. 1 (1985): 56.

__________. "Shinran." ER Vol. 13, pp. 278-80.

Bolick, Jerry: "The Nature of Practice in Jodo Shinshu." PW n.s. 3 (1987): 59-67.

Buri, Fritz: "The Concept of Grace in Paul, Shinran, and Luther." EB 9-2 (OCL 1976): 21-42. 

Carter, John Ross: "Shinjin: More Than 'Faith'?" OC 4 (1986): 1-40. An analysis of shinjin in the context of faith by a professed Christian.

"On Conferences Faith." JR 144 (July 1987): 14-30.

"Towards an Understanding of What is Inconceivable." EB 20-2 (Autum 1987): 32-52.

"The Arising of Magga and Shinjin." PL n.s. 4 (1987): 95-106. A comparison of "faith" as found in two Buddhist traditions: Theravada and Shinshu.

"Love and Compassion as Given." EB 22-1 (Spring 1989): 37-53.

Corless, Roger J: "The Playfulness of Tariki." PL n.s. 4 (1987): 34-52.

"Shinran's Proofs of True Buddhism: Hermeneutics and Doctrinal Development in the Kyogyoshinsho's use of T'an-luan's Lun-chu." In "Buddhist Hermeneutics," edited by Donald S. Lopez, Jr. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1988. pp. 273-90.

Dobbins, James C: "The Single and the Repeated Nembutsu Extremes." Ishida Festschrift, pp. 85-100. 

Fox, Douglas A: "Soteriology in Jodo Shin and Christianity." PL n.s. 3 (Dec. 1986): 29-34.

Fujitani, Masami: "Problems of Calendar in Translations -- Year of Shinran's Demise." PL n.s. (1987):53-57. Documents the view that Shinran's year of death was 1263 and not 1262 as traditionally accepted.

Fujiyoshi, Jikai: "Jodo-shu." ER Vol. 8, pp. 104-07.

Gomez, Luis: "Shinran's Faith and the Sacred Name of Amida." MN 38-1 (Spring 1983): 73-84.

Hase, Shoto: "Jodo Shinshu." ER Vol. 8, pp. 100-04.

Ingam, Paul 0: "Shinran Shonin and Martin Luther A Soteriological Comparison." Journal of American Academy of Religion 39-4 (Dec. 1971): 430-47.

Ishihara, John: "Sakyamuni Within the Jodo Shinshu Tradition." PW n.s. 2 (1986): 31-41.

"Luther and Shinran: Simul Iustus Et Peccator and Nishu Jinshin." JR 14-4 (July 1987): 31-54.

_________. "A Shin Buddhist Social Ethics." PL n.s. 4 (1987): 14-33.

Higgins, Jean: "Luther and Shinran on Fides Sola: A Textual Study." PW n. s. 4 (1988): 23-41.

Kaneko, Akira: "The Benefits of Transforming Evil into Good" and "The Soft and Gentle Mind." PL n.s. 5 (1988): 35-45.

Kaneko, Daiei: "The Meaning of Salvation in the Doctrine of Pure Land Buddhism." EB 1-1 (Sept. 1965): 48-63. A concise presentation of the fundamentals by one of the major Shinshu scholars of this century.

Kawamura, Leslie: "Shinran's View of Karma." In "Karma and Rebirth: Post Classical Development," edited by Ronald W. Neufeldt. New York: State University of New York Press, 1986. pp. 191-202.

Mitchell, Donald W: "Shinran's Religious Thought and Christian Mysticism." PW n. s. 4 (1988): 15-22. 

Miyaji, Kakue: "Social Life in Jodo-Shinshu." PL n.s. 1 (1984): 102-08. Addresses the question of Shinshu teaching's relationship to worldly concerns and authority.

Muraishi, Esho: "The Meaning of 'True Teaching' of Shinran's Major Work: The Kyogyoshinsho." Toyogaku kenkyu 18 (1983): 1-30. (*)

_________. "The Meaning of 'Act' (gyo-) in Shinran's Major Work: The Kyogyoshinsho." Toyogaku kenkyu 19 (1984): 1-28. (*)

_________. "A Study of Shinran's Major Work: The Kyogyoshinsho -- The Structure and Intent of the Triple-world as Demonstrated in Its Volume on the Buddha-Land Transformed." Toyogaku kenkyii 20 (1985): 1-33. (*)

Murakami, Toshio: "The Idea of Freedom in Jodo Shinshu." PL n.s. 4 (1987): 10-14. 

Nishi, Hojun: "The Nembutsu in Ojoyoshu" PL n.s. 5 (1988): 56-64.

Ocho, Enichi: "From the Lotus Sutra to the Sutra of Eternal Life: Reflections on the Process of Deliverance in Shinran." EB 11-1 (May 1978): 27-36.

Olson, Lynn M. "Evil Nature in the Kyogyoshinsho of Shinran Shonin." PL n.s. 4 (1987): 141-54. 

Omine, Akira: "Language and Transcendence." PL n.s. 3 (1986): 141-56. Discusses the nature of the Name (myogo-) in the context of form-formless relationship, with intriguing references to works of Western thinkers including Plato, Kant, and Heidegger.

Pye, Michael. "Other-power and Skilful Means in Shin Buddhism." PL n.s. 1 (1984): 70-78.

"Tradition and Authority in Shin Buddhism." PL n.s. 3 (1986): 37-48. A critique of Shinran's regard for the seven patriarchs and its modern implications.

Schepers, Gerhard: "Shinran's View of the Human Predicament and the Christian Concept of Sin." JR 15-2 (July 1988): 1-17.

Schmidt-Leukel, Perry: "Shinran, Hui' neng and the Christian-Buddhist Dialogue." PL n.s. 5 (1988): 20-34.

Smith, Huston. "Four Theological Negotiables: Gleanings from Daisetz Suzuki's Posthumous Volumes on Shin Buddhism." EB 10-2 (Oct. 1977): 140-54. (*)

Suzuki, Daisetz T: "Shin Buddhism (1)." EB 18-1 (Spring 1985): 1-7.

"Shin Buddhism (2)." EB 18-2 (Autumn 1985): 1-8.

Suzuki, Daisetz T., Soga Ryojin, Kaneko Daiei, and Nishitani Keiji: "Dialogue: Shinran's World (I)." EB 18-1 (Spring 1985): 105-19.

"Dialogue: Shinran's World (II)." EB 19-1 (Spring 1986): 101-17.

"Dialogue: Shinran's World (III)." EB 21-2 (Autumn 1988): 78-94.

Tokunaga, Michio: "The 'Non-self' Aspect in Shinran's Concept of 'Faith'." PL n.s. 2 (1985): 30-38. Stresses the often-ignored quality of the "negating of self-power" in faith (shinjin), which, in author's view, accords with the fundamental goal of Mahayana.

Ueda, Yoshifumi: "The Mahayana Structure of Shinran's Thought- Part I." Translated by Dennis Hirota. EB Vol. XVII No. I (Spring 1984): 57-78.

"The Mahayana Structure of Shinran's Thought - Part II." Translated by Dennis Hirota. EB Vol. XVII No. 2 (Autumn 1984): 30-54.

Unno, Taitetsu: "The Nature of Religious Experience in Shin Buddhism." In Peter L. Berger ed. "Other Side of God." Garden City: 1981, pp. 252-27 1. A concise and clear explanation of Shin Buddhist soteriology.

"Zen and Shin Buddhism: Structural Parallels." PL n.s. 5 (1988): 3-19.

"Bits of Rubble Changed Into Gold -- The Transformation of Self in Pure Land Buddhism." Fujita Festschrift.

JAPANESE PURE LAND BUDDHISM (OTHER THAN SHINSHU) AFTER SHINRAN ... BOOKS AND DISSERTATIONS

Foard, James H: "Ippen Shonin and Popular Buddhism in Kamakura Japan." Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford University, 1977. 281 pp.

Hirota, Dennis, translated with an introduction and notes: "No Abode: The Record of Ippen." Kyoto: Ryukoku Translation Center, 1986. 251 pp. A complete translation of an Edo-period compilation of the words of Ippen Shonin (1239-89), a Pure Land hijiii (wandering holy man) and founder of the Ji school. The introductory essay contains a coherent introductory treatment of Ippen's life and thought.

_________trans. "Plain Words on the Pure Land Way. Saying of the Wandering Monks of Medieval Japan." Kyoto: Ryukoku Translation Center, 1989. 128 pp. A translation of Ichigo hodan, a collection of saying of the Nembutsu hijiii of the Kamakura period.

JAPANESE PURE LAND BUDDHISM (OTHER THAN SIENSHO) AFTER SHINRAN ... ARTICLES

Foard, James: "Ippen." ER Vol. 7, pp. 274-75.

SHINSHU AFTER SHINRAN ... BOOKS AND DISSERTATIONS

Dobbins, James: "Jodo Shinshu." Bloomington: University of Indiana, 1989. A thorough treatment of the relatively unknown period in non-Japanese materials covering the years after Shinran to Rennyo. This work is indispensable for understanding the formative process in which the Hongwanji emerged as the major denomination of Jodo-Shinshu.

Rogers, Minor: "Rennyo Shonin 1415-1499: Transformation in Shin Buddhist Piety." Ph.D. dissertation. Harvard University, 1972.

Solomon, Ira Michael: "Rennyo and the Rise of Honganji in Muromachi Japan." Ph.D. dissertation. Columbia University, 1972, 322 pp.

SHINSHU AFTER SHINRAN ... ARTICLES

Dobbins, James C: "From Inspiration to Institution: The Rise of Sectarian Identity in Jodo Shinshu." MN 41-3 (Autumn 1986): 331-43. (*)

Ishida, Hoyu: "O-karu: Poems of Deep Sorrow and Joy." Shigaraki Festschrift, pp. 25-78.

Inagaki, Hisao, trans. "Shujisho. A Tract on Holding Fast to the Name by Kakunyo." Shigaraki Festschrift, pp. 79-88.

Motoyama, Keisho, trans: "Diary of My Father's Death by Kobayashi Issa." PL n.s. 5 (1988): 113-39. Despite a life fraught with suffering, K. Issa (1763-1828) reveals through his diary and haiku insights rooted in the Shinshu teaching.

Murano, Kenkichi: "Issa, The Nembutsu Poet." PL n.s. 1 (1984): 28-35.

Rogers, Ann T. and Minor L., trans: "Letters of Rennyo (Ofumi, Fascicle One)." PL n.s. 5 (1988): 74-112. Contains extensive valuable notes.

Rogers, Minor L. "A View of Rennyo's Early and Middle years." Ishida Festschrift, pp. 101-24.

Solomon, Michael. "Kinship and the Transmission of Religious Charisma: The Case of Honganji." The Journal of Asian Studies 33-3 (May 1974): 403-13.

"The Dilemma of Religious Power: Honganji and Hosokawa Masamoto." MN 33I (Spring 1978): 51-66.

Tanaka, Eizo, trans: "Anjin Ketsujo Sho (7): On the Attainment of True Faith." PL 5-2 (Dec. 1983): 40-44. Concluding section of the translation begun in Vol. 2-2.

"The Anjin Ketsujo Sho: The Secret Key to Shin Buddhism." PL n.s. 3 (Dec. 1986):15-20.

Weinstein, Stanley: "Rennyo and the Shinshu Revival." In "Japan in the Muromachi Age," edited by John W. Hall and Toyoda Takeshi. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977, pp. 331-58.

MODERN SHINSHU ... BOOKS

Kiyozawa, Manshi: "December Fan: The Buddhist Essays of Manshi Kiyozawa." Translated by Nobuo Haneda. Kyoto: Higashi Honganji, 1984. 97 pp. A glimpse into the life and thought of one of the most engaging Japanese Shin Buddhists of the modern era. Contains a section on Kiyozawa's life with bibliographical information.

Maida, Shuichi: "The Evil Person: Essays on Shin Buddhism." Translated by Nobuo Haneda. Los Angeles: North American Translation Center, 1989. 101 pp. A student of Akegarasu and a noted Shin teacher of the 20th century.

Takeuchi, Yoshinori: "The Heart of Buddhism." New York: Crossroad, 1983.

MODERN SHINSHU ... ARTICLES

Bloom, Alfred. "Jodo Shinshu the Cosmic Compassion." PL n.s. 1 (1984): 36-61.

Blum, Mark. "Kiyozawa Manshi and the Meaning of Buddhist Ethics." EB 21-1 (Spring 1988): 61-81. 

Ichimura, Shohei: "Bruno Petzold's Understanding of Shin Buddhism as Experienced in His Major Work." PW n.s. 4 (1988): 42-50.

Kiyozawa, Manshi: "The Great Path of Absolute Other Power." Translated by James W. Heisig. In "The Buddha Eye: An Anthology of the Kyoto School." Edited by Frederick Franck, New York: Crossroad, 1982, pp. 232-35.

"The Relationship between Religious Morality and Common Morality." Translated by Mark Blum. EB n.s. 22-1 (Spring 1989): 96-110.

Sato, Taira: "The Awakening of Faith in the myokonin Asahara Saichi." EB 18-1 (Spring 1985): 71-89. 

Soga, Ryojin: "The Core of Shinshu." Translated by Jan Van Bragt, "Japanese Journal of Religious Studies" 11/2-3 (1984): 221-42.

SHINSHU IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY ... BOOKS

Bloom, Alfred. "Tannisho: Resource for Modern Living." Honolulu: Buddhist Study Center, 1982.

Centennial Publication Committee, ed. "A Grateful Past, A Promising Future: Honpa Hongwanji Mission of,Hawaii 100 Year History 1899-1989." Honolulu: Honpa Hongwanji Mission of Hawaii, 1989. 278 pp.

Habadodai Shinpojium to Beikokutobu Kenshuryokodan ed. "Shin Buddhism Meets American Religions." Kyoto: Nishihongwanji naijibu-nai "Amerika no shukyo o tazunete" henshu-gakari, 1986. Contains 10 reports and essays related to the historic 1984 Harvard Symposium on Shin Buddhism and Christianity attended by Japanese contingent led by Abbot Otani Koshin. 

Hasegawa, Atsuko and Nancy Shiraki, eds. "Hosha: A Pictorial History of Jodo Shinshu Women in Hawaii." Hawaii: The Hawaii Federation of Honpa Hongwanji Buddhist Women's Association, 1989. 

Kashima, Tetsuden: "Buddhism in America: The Social Organization of an Ethnic Religious Institution." Contributions in Sociology Series 26. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1977. 272 pp. The earliest critical study in English from the historical and sociological perspective on the Buddhist Churches of America.

Munekata, Ryo, ed. "Buddhist Churches of America: Vol. 1, 75- Year History." Chicago: Nobart, Inc., 1974. 467 pp. Commemorative volume with photos and narratives for the national organization and each of its affiliated temples.

"Shinshu Kyokai Mission of Hawaii 1914-1984: A Legacy of Seventy Years." Honolulu: Yoshiko S. Tatsuguchi and Lois A. Suzuki, 1984. 220 pp. A commemorative volume with photos and essays tracing the history of this unique 'independent' Shin temple.

Suzuki, David: "Crisis in Japanese Buddhism: Case of Otani Sect. A Communist Conspiracy to Destroy Religion?" L.A.; Tokyo: Buddhist Books International, 1985. 284 pp. An examination into the underlying causes of the highly-publicized scandal which took place around 1980 and its implications for the role of religion in modern society.

Tuck, Donald R: "Buddhist Churches of America -- Jodo Shinshu Studies in American Religion Vol. 28." Lewiston, N.Y. The Edwin Mellon Press, 1987. 309 pp. A study of the major American Jodo Shinshu institution from its historical, organizational, ministerial and symbolic perspectives, with focus on personal histories of representative ministers.

Zen Buddhist Temple-Toronto, ed. "Spring Wind -- Buddhist Cultural Forum: Pure Land Buddhism in North America." 5-4 (Winter 1985-6). A collection of articles on Pure Land development in Hawaii and North America.

SHINSHU IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY ... ARTICLES

Bellah, Robert N: "Pure Land Buddhism and Modernization in Japan and the United States." PW n.s. 3 (1987): 68-74.

Bloom, Alfred: "Spiritual Potential for Quality Living." PW n.s. 2 (1986): 42-48.

Cooke, Gerald: "The Struggle for Reform in Otani Shin Buddhism." EB 13-2 (Autumn 1980): 16-41. 

Fenzl, Friedrich: "The Social Meaning of Shinran's Teaching for Our Time." PL 4-2 (Dec. 1982): 17-24.

"Some Aspects of Shin Ethics in a Modern European Society." PL n.s. 3 (Dec. 1986): 29-34.

Futaba, Kenko: "Future Challenges for Shinshu Followers in America." PW n.s. I (Fall 1985): 7-10.

"Shinran and Human Dignity: Opening an Historic Horizon." Translated by Kenryu T. Tsuji. PW n.s. (1988): 51-59.

Kashima, Tetsuden. "An Ethnic Religious Institution's Economic Activities and Structure: The Japanese American Buddhist Church." Ryiikoku-daigaku shakaigaku kenkyu nenpo 12 (1982): 127-141. Contains references to other studies on the same institution published as early as 1932.

Matsumoto, Shoji: "The Modern Relevance of Donran's Pure Land Buddhist Thought." PW n.s. 3 (1987):36-41.

Nagatomi, Masatoshi: "Shin Buddhism as a Member in the Global Communities of Faith." PL n.s. 4 (1987): 1-9. An opening address by the President of IASBS at its 1987 conference in Berkeley.

Peel, Shitoku A: "Acculturation of Shin Buddhism in Europe." PL n.s. 2 (1985): 89-110.

Rogers, Minor L: "Nembutsu and Commitment in American Life Today." PW n.s. 3 (1987): 22-30. 

Sasaki, Shoten: "Shinshu and Folk Religion: Toward a Post-Modern Shinshu 'Theology'." Translated by Jan Van Bragt. Nanzan Bulletin 12 (1988): 13-35. A synoptic look at a controversial position based on a collective research project studying the practices of Shinshu followers in Japan whose findings contradicted traditional assumptions. The author criticizes the deeply ingrained bias of the 'puritan' Shinshu scholar establishment toward folk belief and calls for a more sympathetic and active attempt to include it in the creation of a 'post-modern' Shinshu doctrine. The article should interest anyone dealing with the perennial tension between theory and practice.

Shigaraki, Takamaro: "My Hope for American Jodo Shinshu Buddhism." Translated by Nobuo Haneda. PW n.s. 1 (1985): 11-13.

Tabrah, Ruth: "Dewdrop on Grassblade: Shin Buddhism and the New Physics." PL n.s. 2 (1985): 45-54. 

Tatsuguchi, Roland: "B.F.Skinner and Jodoshinshu: Musingon 'Hakarai' and 'Jinen'." PL n.s. 2 (1985):54-73.

_________. "Jinen as a Contribution to Contemporary American Education." PL n.s. 4 (1987): 69-94.

Unno, Taitetsu: "Toward A Shin Buddhist Dharmology." Shigaraki Festschrift, pp. 135-50.

Unno, Tetsuo: "Notes on the Americanization of Jodo Shinshu Buddhism: Urgency, Adaptation, and Existential Relevance in America, 1986 and Beyond." PW n.s. 2 (1986): 11-17.

Yamaoka, Seigen: "Jodo Shinshu Religious Education Studies -- A Study into the Meaning Of Transmission." PL n.s. 2 (1985): 39-45.

PRIMARILY EXPERIENTIAL AND EDIFICATION-ORIENTED ... BOOKS

Education Dept., Jodo Shinshu Hongwanji-ha. "Jodo Shinshu for Laymen." Kyoto: Hongwanji International Center, 1982. A translation from Japanese of 242 questions-and-answers ranging in topics from doctrine to ritual practices and organization.

Ikeyama, Eikichi: "Buddha and Man." Translated by Toshikazu Arai. Honolulu: Buddhist Study Center Press, 1989.

Matsumoto, Shoji and Ruth Tabrah: "Ajatasatru: The Story of Who We Are. A New Century Sutra from Shinran's Kyo-gyo-shin-sho." Honolulu, Hawaii: Buddhist Study Center Press, 1988. 77 pp. A contemporary re-telling of Shinran's understanding on the conflict between those excluded from salvation in the 18th vow such as King Ajatasatru and universal salvation.

Miyamoto, Kazuo: "One Man's Journey: A Spiritual Autobiography." Hawaii: Buddhist Study Center, 1981. 120 pp. By an Hawaiian-born nisei medical doctor who shares his unfolding faith and life experiences as a Shin follower.

Osada, Tsuneo: "Rennyo of the Hongwanji." Los Angeles: The Nembutsu Press, 1987.

Sakakibara, Tokuso: "Bodhisattvas Everywhere." Honolulu: Buddhist Study Center Press, 1983. 63 pp.

Shigaraki, Takamaro: "The Buddhist World of Awakening." Honolulu: Buddhist Study Center Press, 1982. 86 pp. A collection of summer session lectures at the Center.

"An Introduction to Shin Buddhism." Translated by Toshikazu Arai and Claire Ichiyama. Hawaii: Buddhist Study Center Press, 1984. 29 pp.

Soga, Kosho: "The Path of Awakening: A Collection of Dharma Talks for Everyday Life." Honolulu: Buddhist Study Center, 1989. 63 pp. The author shares his experience as a minister in Hawaii.

Tabrah, Ruth: "Living Shin Buddhism: An Account of a Visit with Hanada Sensei." Honolulu: Buddhist Study Center Press, 1978.

Takemoto, Arthur, Masao Kodani, Russell Hamada: "Death: Rites of Passage." Los Angeles: The Nembutsu Press, 1986. 70 pp. A handbook on helping families with the funeral rites with practical information.

PRIMARILY EXPERIENTIAL AND EDIFICATION-ORIENTED ... ARTICLES

Bloom, Alfred: "To There and Back." EB 16-1 (Spring 1983): 148-52. An account by author of his own heart attack experience in the context of his religious understanding.

Bolick, Jerry: "Why Pure Land Buddhism -- Reflections on the Tannisho." PL n.s. 5 (1988): 65-73.

Gatenby, George. "The Life of On." PL n.s. 4 (1987): 154-59.

"One Person's Truth ... Personal Notes on Interpretation in a Secular Society." PL n.s.4 (1987): 159-64.

See also a bibliography covering 1995-present,
compiled by Jérôme Ducor.

 

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